Samples
Postmodern and Recovery Models
| MODEL | Theorist(s) | Role of Therapist | Model Assumptions | Key Interventions | Goals | Course (length) of Treatment | Critique/Limitations |
| Recovery Model | Mary Ellen Copeland | Helping patients create their recovery plans, identify their weaknesses and strengths, and map their process. | It is possible to recover from any illness.
Patient recovery is self-directed. |
Optimism and commitment from patients, the community, social workers, public health teams, health professionals, and families (Jacob, 2015). | The model aims to help distressed patients look beyond existence and survival and move forward (Jacob, 2015). | It is a process without a specified timeframe since it focuses on discovering new interests, skills, and values as coping mechanisms. | · Some people with severe mental illness continue with marked cognitive deficits and significant negative symptoms.
· Clients may ignore the work of the therapist. |
| Solution-Focused | Steve de Shazer | Working together with the client to find solutions and set new goals. | Patients are their own experts.
Patients possess coping skills, resources, and strengths. Change is contagious, inevitable, and constant (Chang & Nylund, 2013).
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Rather than focusing on the past, clients should shift their attention to a future without the problem through social work and concentrate on the available solutions (Chang & Nylund, 2013). | Finding and implementing solutions to the primary issues as soon as possible to reduce therapy time (Chang & Nylund, 2013). | Around five sessions of therapy with each lasting about forty-five minutes. | · Clients may think that they are well and stop therapy before the therapist completes the assessment.
· The work of the therapist may be underappreciated. |
| Collaborative | Herbert H. Clerk and Susan E. Brennan | ||||||
| Narrative | David Epston and Michael White |
References
Chang, J., & Nylund, D. (2013). Narrative and solution-focused therapies: A twenty-year retrospective. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 32(2), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2013.32.2.72
Jacob, K. (2015). Recovery model of mental illness: A complementary approach to psychiatric care. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(2), 117–119. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.155605